diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index b8fc67b6b5..dcf5c3ffe0 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- Fix potential ANR/deadlock in Session Replay when `checkCanRecord` runs on the replay executor thread ([#5837](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5837))
 - Prevent concurrent PixelCopy access during Session Replay masking and bitmap cleanup ([#5808](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5808))
 - Release `MediaMuxer` when the replay video encoder fails to start to avoid a resource leak ([#5607](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5607))
 
diff --git a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegration.kt b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegration.kt
index d9cd15d891..42d55215e2 100644
--- a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegration.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegration.kt
@@ -352,7 +352,11 @@ public class ReplayIntegration(
       }
       addFrame(bitmap, frameTimeStamp, screen)
     }
-    checkCanRecord()
+    // Post to the main thread: onScreenshotRecorded can run on the replay executor
+    // (PixelCopy masked-capture and emit paths), and checkCanRecord -> pauseInternal
+    // acquires lifecycleLock — if another thread holds that lock while submitting to
+    // the same executor, we deadlock.
+    mainLooperHandler.post { checkCanRecord() }
   }
 
   override fun onScreenshotRecorded(screenshot: File, frameTimestamp: Long) {
@@ -375,7 +379,7 @@ public class ReplayIntegration(
       }
       addFrame(screenshot, frameTimestamp, screen)
     }
-    checkCanRecord()
+    mainLooperHandler.post { checkCanRecord() }
   }
 
   override fun close() {
diff --git a/sentry-android-replay/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegrationTest.kt b/sentry-android-replay/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegrationTest.kt
index 32b7f4e928..c356851c21 100644
--- a/sentry-android-replay/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-replay/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/replay/ReplayIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import android.content.Context
 import android.graphics.Bitmap
 import android.graphics.Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG
 import android.graphics.Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888
+import android.os.Looper
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import io.sentry.Breadcrumb
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ import org.mockito.kotlin.reset
 import org.mockito.kotlin.times
 import org.mockito.kotlin.verify
 import org.mockito.kotlin.whenever
+import org.robolectric.Shadows.shadowOf
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
@@ -647,6 +649,7 @@ class ReplayIntegrationTest {
     replay.register(fixture.scopes, fixture.options)
     replay.start()
     replay.onScreenshotRecorded(mock<Bitmap>())
+    shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).idle()
 
     verify(recorder).pause()
   }