feat: add Alpine 3.24 drop 3.22

[MikeMcC399]

• closes Prepare for Alpine 3.24 release in Q2 2026 #2513

Description

• Add alpine3.24
• Drop alpine3.22
• Set alpine3.24 as default

Motivation and Context

• Alpine Linux nominally releases a new release branch each May and November.
• docker-node maintains the latest two Alpine Linux releases

Prerequisites for this PR are:

• release of Alpine Linux 3.24
• publication of alpine:3.24 official Docker image

Testing Details

./update.sh . alpine3.23,alpine3.24
cd 24/alpine3.24
docker build -t alpine3.24-test .

Confirm no update errors and that build was successful.

Types of changes

• Documentation
• Version change (Update, remove or add more Node.js versions)
• Variant change (Update, remove or add more variants, or versions of variants)
• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• Other (none of the above)

Checklist

• My code follows the code style of this project.
• My change requires a change to the documentation.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• I have read the CONTRIBUTING.md document.
• All new and existing tests passed.

Other

Follow up with https://github.com/nodejs/unofficial-builds

• Update recipes/musl/Dockerfile & recipes/arm64-musl/Dockerfile to build FROM alpine:3.23 (instead of alpine:3.22)

[MikeMcC399]

Since Alpine 3.24 is not yet available, CI fails.

This PR will stay in draft status, pending availability of the alpine:3.24 official Docker image.