fs: stat root exclude dirent from glob cwd

[fallintoplace]

Fixes #63535.

Summary

When globSync() applies a function exclude to the root path with withFileTypes: true, it synthesizes the Dirent from this.#cache.statSync(path). That lookup uses the ambient process.cwd() instead of the glob cwd, so the exclude callback can receive metadata for the wrong filesystem entry when those differ.

This updates the root exclude path to stat the resolved glob path and adds a regression test that exercises cwd !== process.cwd().

Validation

• ran a targeted local repro that loads lib/internal/fs/glob.js under node --expose-internals
• confirmed the current file passes and a one-line reverted variant fails with the wrong root parentPath