diff --git a/Doc/c-api/init.rst b/Doc/c-api/init.rst
index 0f759732b35ea8..b03ac39d4d3699 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/init.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/init.rst
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ The following functions can be safely called before Python is initialized:
    The following functions **should not be called** before
    :c:func:`Py_Initialize`: :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale`, :c:func:`Py_GetPath`,
    :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`, :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`,
-   :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`,
-   :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName` and :c:func:`PyEval_InitThreads`.
+   :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`
+   and :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`.
 
 
 .. _global-conf-vars:
@@ -230,7 +230,6 @@ Initializing and finalizing the interpreter
 
    .. index::
       single: Py_SetProgramName()
-      single: PyEval_InitThreads()
       single: modules (in module sys)
       single: path (in module sys)
       module: builtins
@@ -871,45 +870,6 @@ code, or when embedding the Python interpreter:
    this thread's interpreter state.
 
 
-.. c:function:: void PyEval_InitThreads()
-
-   .. index::
-      single: PyEval_AcquireThread()
-      single: PyEval_ReleaseThread()
-      single: PyEval_SaveThread()
-      single: PyEval_RestoreThread()
-
-   Deprecated function which does nothing.
-
-   In Python 3.6 and older, this function created the GIL if it didn't exist.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.9
-      The function now does nothing.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.7
-      This function is now called by :c:func:`Py_Initialize()`, so you don't
-      have to call it yourself anymore.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.2
-      This function cannot be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize()` anymore.
-
-   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.9 3.11
-
-   .. index:: module: _thread
-
-
-.. c:function:: int PyEval_ThreadsInitialized()
-
-   Returns a non-zero value if :c:func:`PyEval_InitThreads` has been called.  This
-   function can be called without holding the GIL, and therefore can be used to
-   avoid calls to the locking API when running single-threaded.
-
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.7
-      The :term:`GIL` is now initialized by :c:func:`Py_Initialize()`.
-
-   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.9 3.11
-
-
 .. c:function:: PyThreadState* PyEval_SaveThread()
 
    Release the global interpreter lock (if it has been created) and reset the
diff --git a/Doc/data/refcounts.dat b/Doc/data/refcounts.dat
index f3aacb8ed8ed0d..f79bbb54bb6b4d 100644
--- a/Doc/data/refcounts.dat
+++ b/Doc/data/refcounts.dat
@@ -780,8 +780,6 @@ PyEval_GetFuncDesc:PyObject*:func:0:
 PyEval_GetFuncName:const char*:::
 PyEval_GetFuncName:PyObject*:func:0:
 
-PyEval_InitThreads:void:::
-
 PyEval_ReleaseLock:void:::
 
 PyEval_ReleaseThread:void:::
diff --git a/Doc/data/stable_abi.dat b/Doc/data/stable_abi.dat
index d582204f5626b9..3b76c88f5d2e13 100644
--- a/Doc/data/stable_abi.dat
+++ b/Doc/data/stable_abi.dat
@@ -179,12 +179,10 @@ function,PyEval_GetFuncDesc,3.2,
 function,PyEval_GetFuncName,3.2,
 function,PyEval_GetGlobals,3.2,
 function,PyEval_GetLocals,3.2,
-function,PyEval_InitThreads,3.2,
 function,PyEval_ReleaseLock,3.2,
 function,PyEval_ReleaseThread,3.2,
 function,PyEval_RestoreThread,3.2,
 function,PyEval_SaveThread,3.2,
-function,PyEval_ThreadsInitialized,3.2,
 var,PyExc_ArithmeticError,3.2,
 var,PyExc_AssertionError,3.2,
 var,PyExc_AttributeError,3.2,
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
index 464a97ef6e01eb..76f21ea5ae9eab 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
@@ -96,10 +96,9 @@ Optimizations
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28307`.)
 
 
-Build and C API Changes
-=======================
+Build Changes
+=============
 
-* :c:func:`PyFrame_BlockSetup` and :c:func:`PyFrame_BlockPop` have been removed.
 
 Deprecated
 ==========
@@ -116,3 +115,30 @@ Porting to Python 3.11
 
 This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes
 that may require changes to your code.
+
+
+C API Changes
+=============
+
+New Features
+------------
+
+Porting to Python 3.11
+----------------------
+
+Deprecated
+----------
+
+Removed
+-------
+
+* :c:func:`PyFrame_BlockSetup` and :c:func:`PyFrame_BlockPop` have been
+  removed.
+  (Contributed by Mark Shannon in :issue:`40222`.)
+
+* Remove ``PyEval_InitThreads()`` and ``PyEval_ThreadsInitialized()``
+  functions. The GIL is created by :c:func:`Py_Initialize` since Python 3.7,
+  and so calling explicitly ``PyEval_InitThreads()`` was useless since Python
+  3.7. Deprecated in 3.9, ``PyEval_InitThreads()`` did nothing and
+  ``PyEval_ThreadsInitialized()`` already returned true.
+  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`44117`.)
diff --git a/Include/ceval.h b/Include/ceval.h
index 0f687666e2bccf..83fbe231911459 100644
--- a/Include/ceval.h
+++ b/Include/ceval.h
@@ -118,8 +118,6 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int exc);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyThreadState *) PyEval_SaveThread(void);
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyEval_RestoreThread(PyThreadState *);
 
-Py_DEPRECATED(3.9) PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(void);
-Py_DEPRECATED(3.9) PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyEval_InitThreads(void);
 /* PyEval_AcquireLock() and PyEval_ReleaseLock() are part of stable ABI.
  * They will be removed from this header file in the future version.
  * But they will be remained in ABI until Python 4.0.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2021-05-12-17-23-57.bpo-44117.nZMB-N.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2021-05-12-17-23-57.bpo-44117.nZMB-N.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0d212da58b720a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2021-05-12-17-23-57.bpo-44117.nZMB-N.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Remove ``PyEval_InitThreads()`` and ``PyEval_ThreadsInitialized()``
+functions. The GIL is created by :c:func:`Py_Initialize` since Python 3.7,
+and so calling explicitly ``PyEval_InitThreads()`` was useless since Python
+3.7. Deprecated in 3.9, ``PyEval_InitThreads()`` did nothing and
+``PyEval_ThreadsInitialized()`` already returned true.
diff --git a/Misc/stable_abi.txt b/Misc/stable_abi.txt
index a78bcb76b41df6..de719632343872 100644
--- a/Misc/stable_abi.txt
+++ b/Misc/stable_abi.txt
@@ -601,8 +601,6 @@ function PyEval_GetGlobals
     added 3.2
 function PyEval_GetLocals
     added 3.2
-function PyEval_InitThreads
-    added 3.2
 function PyEval_ReleaseLock
     added 3.2
 function PyEval_ReleaseThread
@@ -611,8 +609,6 @@ function PyEval_RestoreThread
     added 3.2
 function PyEval_SaveThread
     added 3.2
-function PyEval_ThreadsInitialized
-    added 3.2
 data PyExc_ArithmeticError
     added 3.2
 data PyExc_AssertionError
diff --git a/Misc/valgrind-python.supp b/Misc/valgrind-python.supp
index c9c45ba7ed6de4..9d2552ae83b258 100644
--- a/Misc/valgrind-python.supp
+++ b/Misc/valgrind-python.supp
@@ -46,22 +46,6 @@
 #    Will need to fix that.
 #
 
-{
-   Suppress leaking the GIL.  Happens once per process, see comment in ceval.c.
-   Memcheck:Leak
-   fun:malloc
-   fun:PyThread_allocate_lock
-   fun:PyEval_InitThreads
-}
-
-{
-   Suppress leaking the GIL after a fork.
-   Memcheck:Leak
-   fun:malloc
-   fun:PyThread_allocate_lock
-   fun:PyEval_ReInitThreads
-}
-
 {
    Suppress leaking the autoTLSkey.  This looks like it shouldn't leak though.
    Memcheck:Leak
diff --git a/PC/python3dll.c b/PC/python3dll.c
index 200d1d14e294d1..eb8ae5db5a0677 100755
--- a/PC/python3dll.c
+++ b/PC/python3dll.c
@@ -245,12 +245,10 @@ EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_GetFuncDesc)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_GetFuncName)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_GetGlobals)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_GetLocals)
-EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_InitThreads)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_ReleaseLock)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_ReleaseThread)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_RestoreThread)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_SaveThread)
-EXPORT_FUNC(PyEval_ThreadsInitialized)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyException_GetCause)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyException_GetContext)
 EXPORT_FUNC(PyException_GetTraceback)
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index 8e1c5bdf033074..fb2ad0ffa2e763 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -282,27 +282,12 @@ _PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     return gil_created(&interp->ceval.gil);
 }
-
-int
-PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(void)
-{
-    // Fatal error if there is no current interpreter
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = PyInterpreterState_Get();
-    return _PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(interp);
-}
 #else
 int
 _PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(_PyRuntimeState *runtime)
 {
     return gil_created(&runtime->ceval.gil);
 }
-
-int
-PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(void)
-{
-    _PyRuntimeState *runtime = &_PyRuntime;
-    return _PyEval_ThreadsInitialized(runtime);
-}
 #endif
 
 PyStatus
@@ -360,12 +345,6 @@ _PyEval_FiniGIL(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     assert(!gil_created(gil));
 }
 
-void
-PyEval_InitThreads(void)
-{
-    /* Do nothing: kept for backward compatibility */
-}
-
 void
 _PyEval_Fini(void)
 {