ZJIT: liquid-render perf burndown

[k0kubun]

This issue aims to make ZJIT as fast as YJIT on the liquid-render benchmark in yjit-bench.

Stats as of Dec 9:

Details

Top-20 not inlined C methods (95.5% of total 11,057,209):
                             Hash#key?: 4,524,984 (40.9%)
                      Array#find_index: 2,074,775 (18.8%)
                          Set#include?: 1,472,749 (13.3%)
                            String#===:   548,662 ( 5.0%)
                            Integer#<<:   315,268 ( 2.9%)
                             Integer#/:   235,142 ( 2.1%)
                         Kernel#format:   235,142 ( 2.1%)
                     Regexp.last_match:   178,041 ( 1.6%)
             CGI::EscapeExt#escapeHTML:   104,971 ( 0.9%)
                           Array#shift:    96,891 ( 0.9%)
                    String#start_with?:    90,578 ( 0.8%)
                             String#=~:    89,862 ( 0.8%)
                         Array#unshift:    89,571 ( 0.8%)
                          Array#freeze:    84,986 ( 0.8%)
                            Regexp#===:    84,568 ( 0.8%)
                        Array#flatten!:    83,971 ( 0.8%)
                          String#gsub!:    68,551 ( 0.6%)
                         String#concat:    62,955 ( 0.6%)
                           String#gsub:    60,203 ( 0.5%)
                             String#[]:    58,541 ( 0.5%)
Top-20 calls to C functions from JIT code (92.6% of total 83,177,301):
          rb_vm_opt_send_without_block: 29,397,272 (35.3%)
                       rb_vm_env_write: 13,533,262 (16.3%)
                             Hash#key?:  4,524,984 ( 5.4%)
                     rb_vm_splat_array:  4,008,147 ( 4.8%)
             rb_vm_getinstancevariable:  3,700,519 ( 4.4%)
                          rb_ary_entry:  2,832,786 ( 3.4%)
                          Array#empty?:  2,712,391 ( 3.3%)
                      Array#each_index:  2,373,062 ( 2.9%)
                            find_index:  2,074,775 ( 2.5%)
                            rb_vm_send:  1,925,867 ( 2.3%)
        rb_ivar_get_at_no_ractor_check:  1,565,524 ( 1.9%)
                    rb_gc_writebarrier:  1,510,029 ( 1.8%)
                          Set#include?:  1,472,749 ( 1.8%)
                             Array#map:  1,378,971 ( 1.7%)
             rb_ec_ary_new_from_values:    818,933 ( 1.0%)
                rb_str_concat_literals:    749,404 ( 0.9%)
                     rb_str_buf_append:    688,452 ( 0.8%)
                            Array#each:    685,873 ( 0.8%)
                            String#===:    548,662 ( 0.7%)
                          rb_hash_aref:    542,599 ( 0.7%)
Top-1 not optimized method types for send (100.0% of total 389,059):
  iseq: 389,059 (100.0%)
Top-1 not optimized method types for send_without_block (100.0% of total 223,884):
  optimized_send: 223,884 (100.0%)
Top-3 instructions with uncategorized fallback reason (100.0% of total 439,936):
             invokeblock: 423,621 (96.3%)
             invokesuper:  15,775 ( 3.6%)
  opt_send_without_block:     540 ( 0.1%)
Top-11 send fallback reasons (100.0% of total 31,762,535):
                          send_without_block_polymorphic: 15,712,787 (49.5%)
                            one_or_more_complex_arg_pass:  9,766,130 (30.7%)
                          send_without_block_no_profiles:  3,774,378 (11.9%)
                                        send_no_profiles:  1,320,486 ( 4.2%)
                                           uncategorized:    439,936 ( 1.4%)
                          send_not_optimized_method_type:    389,059 ( 1.2%)
  send_without_block_not_optimized_method_type_optimized:    223,884 ( 0.7%)
                                        send_polymorphic:    132,059 ( 0.4%)
                                obj_to_string_not_string:      2,477 ( 0.0%)
                                   too_many_args_for_lir:      1,329 ( 0.0%)
                                        send_megamorphic:         10 ( 0.0%)
Top-1 setivar fallback reasons (100.0% of total 6,164):
  not_monomorphic: 6,164 (100.0%)
Top-1 getivar fallback reasons (100.0% of total 3,700,519):
  not_monomorphic: 3,700,519 (100.0%)
Top-1 definedivar fallback reasons (100.0% of total 1):
  not_monomorphic: 1 (100.0%)
Top-2 invokeblock handler (100.0% of total 423,621):
  monomorphic_iseq: 334,050 (78.9%)
       polymorphic:  89,571 (21.1%)
Top-4 popular complex argument-parameter features not optimized (100.0% of total 9,766,130):
     param_kw_opt: 5,589,760 (57.2%)
     caller_splat: 4,008,147 (41.0%)
  caller_blockarg:    84,253 ( 0.9%)
       param_rest:    83,970 ( 0.9%)
Top-1 compile error reasons (100.0% of total 1,446,807):
  exception_handler: 1,446,807 (100.0%)
Top-1 unhandled YARV insns (100.0% of total 129):
  once: 129 (100.0%)
Top-1 unhandled HIR insns (100.0% of total 663,600):
  throw: 663,600 (100.0%)
Top-9 side exit reasons (100.0% of total 15,935,837):
                  guard_shape_failure: 7,635,175 (47.9%)
                   guard_type_failure: 6,189,288 (38.8%)
                        compile_error: 1,446,807 ( 9.1%)
                   unhandled_hir_insn:   663,600 ( 4.2%)
     patchpoint_stable_constant_names:       659 ( 0.0%)
          patchpoint_method_redefined:       133 ( 0.0%)
                  unhandled_yarv_insn:       129 ( 0.0%)
  block_param_proxy_not_iseq_or_ifunc:        44 ( 0.0%)
                            interrupt:         2 ( 0.0%)
                             send_count: 111,417,836
                     dynamic_send_count:  31,762,535 (28.5%)
                   optimized_send_count:  79,655,301 (71.5%)
                  dynamic_setivar_count:       6,164 ( 0.0%)
                  dynamic_getivar_count:   3,700,519 ( 3.3%)
              dynamic_definedivar_count:           1 ( 0.0%)
              iseq_optimized_send_count:  25,957,782 (23.3%)
      inline_cfunc_optimized_send_count:  32,742,312 (29.4%)
       inline_iseq_optimized_send_count:   5,370,067 ( 4.8%)
non_variadic_cfunc_optimized_send_count:  12,291,839 (11.0%)
    variadic_cfunc_optimized_send_count:   3,293,301 ( 3.0%)
compiled_iseq_count:                                408
failed_iseq_count:                                    0
compile_time:                                     309ms
profile_time:                                     699ms
gc_time:                                           11ms
invalidation_time:                                  0ms
vm_write_pc_count:                           82,083,176
vm_write_sp_count:                           82,083,176
vm_write_locals_count:                       80,079,053
vm_write_stack_count:                        80,079,053
vm_write_to_parent_iseq_local_count:          2,610,032
vm_read_from_parent_iseq_local_count:        26,968,062
guard_type_count:                           120,692,248
guard_type_exit_ratio:                             5.1%
guard_shape_count:                           40,672,753
guard_shape_exit_ratio:                           18.8%
code_region_bytes:                            1,523,712
zjit_alloc_bytes:                             1,799,318
total_mem_bytes:                              3,323,030
side_exit_count:                             15,935,837
total_insn_count:                           883,760,648
vm_insn_count:                              332,999,269
zjit_insn_count:                            550,761,379
ratio_in_zjit:                                    62.3%

ratio_in_zjit: 62.3%

Burndown list

Reduce side exits (side exit reasons)

ratio_in_zjit is low compared to Rails benchmarks.

To improve it we need to reduce side exit reasons and their sub-category reasons:

• register_spill_on_alloc ZJIT: Support spilling in the register allocator #716
• guard_shape_failure ZJIT: guard_shape_failure happens too frequently on ruby-bench #727
• guard_type_failure ZJIT: guard_type_failure happens too frequently on lobsters #771
• unhandled_splat ZJIT: Compile VM_CALL_ARGS_SPLAT #749
• unhandled_kwarg ZJIT: Compile VM_CALL_KWARG #750
• compiler error reason: exception_handler (we currently don't do exception handling)

Reduce dynamic sends (send fallback reasons)

• not_optimized_instruction
  • opt_send_without_block ZJIT: Support compiling Send without dynamic dispatch #777
  • opt_aref ZJIT: Optimize opt_aref #775
  • invokeblock
• send_without_block_polymorphic ZJIT: send_without_block_polymorphic happens too frequently #776
• send_without_block_no_profiles
• 8.0%: send_without_block_no_profiles

Complex argument-parameter features not optimized

• param_kw: ZJIT: optimize complex argument parameter features for keywords #866
• caller_splat
• caller_kwarg

Not optimized method types for send

• cfunc: Optimize variadic cfunc send #825
• iseq

Extra

• ZJIT: split not_optimized_instruction/opt_send_without_block to be more actionable #860

[k0kubun]

At the project planning meeting on Aug 11th, @rwstauner @nirvdrum @st0012 signed up for this project, so I'll assign them to this issue.

[st0012]

As of Aug 26 on my machine:

interp: ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-08-26T14:39:02Z master 238aaa4cda) +PRISM [arm64-darwin24]
last_commit=[DOC] Document undocumented methods in ZJIT
yjit: ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-08-26T14:39:02Z master 238aaa4cda) +YJIT +PRISM [arm64-darwin24]
last_commit=[DOC] Document undocumented methods in ZJIT
zjit: ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-08-26T14:39:02Z master 238aaa4cda) +ZJIT +PRISM [arm64-darwin24]
last_commit=[DOC] Document undocumented methods in ZJIT

-------------  -----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ------------  ------------  -----------  -----------
bench          interp (ms)  stddev (%)  yjit (ms)  stddev (%)  zjit (ms)  stddev (%)  yjit 1st itr  zjit 1st itr  interp/yjit  interp/zjit
liquid-render  79.8         3.9         34.0       6.7         73.6       3.8         1.165         0.888         2.348        1.084      
-------------  -----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ------------  ------------  -----------  -----------

[st0012]

There are 210 insn compilation failure log entries. When this happens, a side-exit is generated and the iseq's subsequent insns won't be compiled.

Details

ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v33 Send v52, 0x16ba4f480, :synchronize. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v131 Send v346, 0x16ba4eff0, :find. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v17 Send v32, 0x16ba4ee90, :new. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v11 Send v8, 0x16ba4e7e0, :map!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v4 DefinedIvar v0, :@rubygems_version. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v33 Send v0, 0x16ba4ec80, :define_method, v30. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v34 Send v0, 0x16ba4f130, :define_method, v31. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v19 Throw TAG_RETURN, v1. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v26 Send v18, 0x16ba4e200, :map!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v11 Send v8, 0x16ba4ea70, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v11 Send v0, 0x16ba4f480, :define_method, v8. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v45 ToArray v54. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v7 ToArray v1. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v119 Send v112, 0x16ba508a0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v13 Send v25, 0x16ba50ad0, :synchronize. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v87 Send v81, 0x16ba508a0, :reverse_each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v43 Send v53, 0x16ba508a0, :filesystem_access, v33, v40. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v44 Throw TAG_RETURN, v41. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v65 Send v59, 0x16ba508a0, :inject, v62. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v5 DefinedIvar v0, :@lockfile_version. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v20 Send v37, 0x16ba508a0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v21 Send v0, 0x16ba4f360, :define_method, v18. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v9 Send v0, 0x16ba4f6d0, :define_method, v1. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v11 Send v5, 0x16ba508a0, :filesystem_access, v1, v8. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v9 Send v6, 0x16ba504d0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v13 ToNewArray v26. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v143 Send v132, 0x16ba50020, :gsub!, v140. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v78 Send v46, 0x16ba50020, :gsub!, v75. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v94 Send v71, 0x16ba50180, :send, v72, v73, v80. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v178 Send v134, 0x16ba504d0, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v9 Send v1, 0x16ba504d0, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v35 Send v28, 0x16ba504d0, :map!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v47 Send v42, 0x16ba500a0, :map!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v36 ToNewArray v233. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v76 Send v73, 0x16ba4fed0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v178 Send v175, 0x16ba50250, :find. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v6 Send v1, 0x16ba50530, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v8 Send v1, 0x16ba508a0, :find. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v31 Send v28, 0x16ba4f980, :tap. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v28 Send v25, 0x16ba50550, :find. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v63 Send v60, 0x16ba50af0, :find. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v4 DefinedIvar v0, :@env. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v28 Send v25, 0x16ba503d0, :any?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v45 Send v40, 0x16ba503d0, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v4 DefinedIvar v0, :@force_ruby_platform. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v4 DefinedIvar v0, :@source. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v22 Send v19, 0x16ba50620, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v5 DefinedIvar v0, :@requirement. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v31 DefinedIvar v26, :@version_requirement. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v58 DefinedIvar v53, :@version_requirements. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v36 Send v27, 0x16ba4ff90, :each_strongly_connected_component, v28, v29. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v33 Send v20, 0x16ba4f530, :each_strongly_connected_component_from, v21, v26, v28, v30. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v9 Send v19, 0x16ba50770, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v7 Send v4, 0x16ba508a0, :any?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v7 Send v0, 0x16ba4f6d0, :define_method, v1. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v19 Send v54, 0x16ba500c0, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v4 DefinedIvar v0, :@source. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v15 Send v12, 0x16ba503b0, :any?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v20 Send v1, 0x16ba50af0, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v18 Send v33, 0x16ba50150, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v4 DefinedIvar v0, :@ui. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v25 Throw TAG_BREAK, v22. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v52 Throw TAG_RETURN, v49. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v27 Send v66, 0x16ba4ee60, :open_file, v69, v72. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v15 Send v0, 0x16ba4fcc0, :allowed_with_path. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v12 Send v1, 0x16ba4ff20, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v44 Send v32, 0x16ba4ff20, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v23 Send v0, 0x16ba502c0, :materialize, v0. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v44 Send v28, 0x16ba502c0, :materialize, v41. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v329 Send v326, 0x16ba4e4a0, :map!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v31 Send v44, 0x16ba4f3e0, :gemspec_stubs_in, v1, v28. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v14 Send v24, 0x16ba4f280, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v34 Send v29, 0x16ba4f920, :any?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v13 ToArray v2. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v29 Send v26, 0x16ba4f3d0, :synchronize. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v21 Send v31, 0x16ba4eb50, :map!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v89 Send v86, 0x16ba4e800, :tap. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v35 Send v32, 0x16ba50150, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v113 ToArray v105. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v10 Send v7, 0x16ba508a0, :with_index. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v14 Send v27, 0x16ba508a0, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v50 Send v45, 0x16ba508a0, :select!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v49 Send v59, 0x16ba4ff50, :all?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v19 Send v16, 0x16ba50590, :find. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v46 Send v30, 0x16ba4f680, :call. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v23 Send v18, 0x16ba4e930, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v21 Send v1, 0x16ba50550, :send, v16, v18. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v9 Send v0, 0x16ba50550, :redefine_method, v1, v6. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v7 Send v4, 0x16ba508a0, :synchronize. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v109 Send v70, 0x16ba4ffd0, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v6 Send v1, 0x16ba501e0, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v26 Send v44, 0x16ba4fe30, :reject. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v19 Throw TAG_RETURN, v2. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v39 Send v31, 0x16ba4ddc0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v28 Send v25, 0x16ba4da70, :class_eval. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v10 Send v7, 0x16ba4d530, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v37 Send v34, 0x16ba50030, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v941 Send v938, 0x16ba4ff40, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v1270 Send v1267, 0x16ba4ff40, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v1007 Send v1002, 0x16ba4ff40, :each_slice, v1004. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v1067 Send v1064, 0x16ba4ff40, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v1389 Send v1386, 0x16ba4ff40, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v481 Send v476, 0x16ba4ff40, :each_slice, v478. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v545 Send v542, 0x16ba4ff40, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v622 Send v619, 0x16ba4ff40, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v659 Send v656, 0x16ba4ff40, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v1626 Send v1621, 0x16ba4ff40, :each_slice, v1623. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v1159 Send v1154, 0x16ba4ff40, :each_slice, v1156. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v1477 Send v1472, 0x16ba4ff40, :each_slice, v1474. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v179 Send v167, 0x16ba4f720, :reverse_each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v467 Send v464, 0x16ba4f5c0, :each_with_index. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v536 Send v533, 0x16ba4f5c0, :each_with_index. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v255 Send v252, 0x16ba503f0, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v307 Send v304, 0x16ba503f0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v229 Send v226, 0x16ba503f0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v19 Send v31, 0x16ba503f0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v12 Send v5, 0x16ba4f110, :fetch, v19. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v11 Send v8, 0x16ba506a0, :any?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v13 Send v10, 0x16ba50ff0, :find_all. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v93 Throw TAG_BREAK, v90. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v12 Send v0, 0x16ba508f0, :loop. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v78 Send v75, 0x16ba50590, :each_index. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v62 Send v59, 0x16ba50e90, :tap. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v62 Send v34, 0x16ba50e90, :parse, v35, v110. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v17 Send v2, 0x16ba508f0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v37 Send v34, 0x16ba51090, :reverse_each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v43 Throw TAG_RETURN, v40. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v13 Send v5, 0x16ba51060, :parse, v1, v20. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v93 Send v1, 0x16ba507f0, :scan, v144. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v11 Send v8, 0x16ba507f0, :collect. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v17 Send v14, 0x16ba51030, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v24 Send v21, 0x16ba50fe0, :each_index. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v12 Send v9, 0x16ba50b70, :find_index. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v10 Send v7, 0x16ba50a10, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v155 Throw TAG_RETURN, v152. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v12 ToArray v1. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v614 Send v605, 0x16ba50e90, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v10 Send v17, 0x16ba50e90, :each_key. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v22 ToArray v28. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v10 Send v2, 0x16ba50d70, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v12 ToArray v2. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v98 Send v21, 0x16ba50660, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v23 ToArray v2. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v9 Send v6, 0x16ba50e90, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v37 Throw TAG_RETURN, v34. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v92 Send v83, 0x16ba510b0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v27 Throw TAG_BREAK, v24. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v69 Send v53, 0x16ba50c70, :stack. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v65 Send v62, 0x16ba50c70, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v76 Throw TAG_BREAK, v73. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v11 Send v1, 0x16ba50c70, :stack. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v264 Send v255, 0x16ba50c70, :upto, v261. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v77 Send v74, 0x16ba507c0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v46 Send v25, 0x16ba505a0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v75 Send v54, 0x16ba505a0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v9 Send v1, 0x16ba507c0, :reject. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v193 Send v142, 0x16ba50c70, :stack. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v49 Send v46, 0x16ba50c70, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v7 Send v4, 0x16ba51590, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v8 Send v5, 0x16ba50720, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v39 Throw TAG_BREAK, v36. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v8 Send v5, 0x16ba51340, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v7 Send v0, 0x16ba51590, :git_source, v4. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v172 Send v162, 0x16ba51340, :split, v169. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v249 Send v246, 0x16ba51340, :min_by. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v465 ToArray v451. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v27 Send v1, 0x16ba51140, :split, v24. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v15 DefinedIvar v0, :@definition. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v23 Send v41, 0x16ba51340, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v11 Send v21, 0x16ba51340, :any?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v19 Send v33, 0x16ba51340, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v19 Send v37, 0x16ba51340, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v13 Send v22, 0x16ba51580, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v34 Send v29, 0x16ba51560, :map!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v47 Send v44, 0x16ba51340, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v46 Send v69, 0x16ba51340, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v18 Send v15, 0x16ba51570, :reject!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v11 Send v25, 0x16ba51560, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v41 Send v226, 0x16ba51340, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v128 Send v106, 0x16ba51340, :loop. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v27 Send v24, 0x16ba50ca0, :any?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v73 Send v70, 0x16ba50ca0, :any?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v6 DefinedIvar v0, :@ruby_version. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v8 Send v15, 0x16ba506b0, :any?. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v10 Send v20, 0x16ba50830, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v17 Send v32, 0x16ba4f9f0, :build. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v14 Send v26, 0x16ba4f7c0, :reverse_each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v28 Send v23, 0x16ba4f7c0, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v7 Send v0, 0x16ba4f480, :map_stubs, v1. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v8 Send v5, 0x16ba4f480, :flat_map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v6 Send v1, 0x16ba4f480, :sort!. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v21 Send v16, 0x16ba4f7c0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v17 Send v32, 0x16ba4f7c0, :build. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v14 Send v26, 0x16ba4f7c0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v10 Send v7, 0x16ba4fa00, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v21 Send v16, 0x16ba4f7c0, :each. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v31 Send v22, 0x16ba4eb70, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v69 Send v59, 0x16ba4eb70, :take_while. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v36 Send v33, 0x16ba4fd00, :uniq. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v62 Send v53, 0x16ba4f5f0, :sort_by. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v44 Send v38, 0x16ba4fc80, :reject. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v17 Send v1, 0x16ba4fc90, :select. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v9 Send v16, 0x16ba4eda0, :map. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v66 Send v63, 0x16ba504c0, :bsearch. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v136 Send v133, 0x16ba504c0, :bsearch. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v178 Send v175, 0x16ba504c0, :bsearch. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v232 Send v229, 0x16ba504c0, :bsearch. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v65 Throw TAG_BREAK, v62. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v38 Throw TAG_RETURN, v35. Generating side-exit.
ZJIT: gen_function: Failed to compile insn: v91 Throw TAG_RETURN, v88. Generating side-exit.

HIR Breakdown:

• Send: 172 failures (82%)
• Throw: 15 failures
• DefinedIvar: 12 failures
• ToArray: 9 failures
• ToNewArray: 2 failures

Most Failed Send:

• :each - 35 failures
• :map - 23 failures
• :select - 11 failures
• :find - 6 failures
• :define_method - 6 failures
• :each_slice - 5 failures
• :synchronize, :reverse_each, :bsearch - 4 each

But optimizing Send is tricky as the block passed to the method (e.g. map or each) can access or even mutate local variables outside of the scope. So it's not a good target to work on atm.

[st0012]

While there are 42 iseq compilation failures now, 40 of them are caused by lack of support for register spilling, which should be resolved when #716 is finished.

So I'll start looking into optimizing existing HIRs.

[st0012]

I got some profiled data (20 iters) and looked into it with @tekknolagi:

• Most of the time is spent on jitted render call exiting into the interpreter before calling into jitted render_to_output_buffer again, as shown below

  

• rb_ivar_lookup only took ~0.6%-1% of the time so not a big contributor for this specific benchmark

[st0012]

ZJIT stats on Aug 28th:

ZJIT stats:
compile_time              94.62ms
profile_time               0.76ms
gc_time                    1.25ms
invalidation_time          0.31ms
RSS: 51.1MiB
Writing file /Users/hung-wulo/src/github.com/Shopify/yjit-bench/data/results-ruby-3.5.0-2025-08-28-171026.json
Average of last 96, non-warmup iters: 90ms
***ZJIT: Printing ZJIT statistics on exit***
compilation failure reasons:
  hir_compile: 62 (56.4%)
  asm_compile: 48 (43.6%)
dynamic_send_count:  53,917,927
compiled_iseq_count: 909
compilation_failure: 110
compile_time:        113ms
profile_time:        1ms
gc_time:             1ms
invalidation_time:   0ms
side_exit_count:     21,221,956
zjit_insn_count:     665,952,507
Top-20 side exit reasons (100.0% of all 29):
          compilation_failure: 14,659,707 (40.9%)
                         send:  9,147,412 (25.5%)
       opt_send_without_block:  7,739,428 (21.6%)
                   splatarray:  2,319,921 ( 6.5%)
                        throw:    726,110 ( 2.0%)
                  invokeblock:    525,003 ( 1.5%)
                    opt_nil_p:    259,800 ( 0.7%)
             getclassvariable:    246,112 ( 0.7%)
                       opt_eq:    133,203 ( 0.4%)
  zjit_opt_send_without_block:     73,983 ( 0.2%)
                  invokesuper:     29,869 ( 0.1%)
                      opt_not:     13,344 ( 0.0%)
            opt_case_dispatch:      3,617 ( 0.0%)
           getblockparamproxy:      2,031 ( 0.0%)
         opt_getconstant_path:      1,397 ( 0.0%)
                  objtostring:        392 ( 0.0%)
                  definedivar:         96 ( 0.0%)
                  getconstant:         88 ( 0.0%)
                  expandarray:         44 ( 0.0%)
                  zjit_opt_eq:         37 ( 0.0%)
Top-9 specific side exit reasons (100.0% of all 9):
     compilation_failure: 14,659,707 (40.9%)
   unhandled_instruction: 12,193,490 (34.0%)
      guard_type_failure:  5,288,408 (14.7%)
       unknown_call_type:  2,857,415 ( 8.0%)
          unknown_opcode:    880,849 ( 2.5%)
              patchpoint:      1,398 ( 0.0%)
  obj_to_string_fallback:        392 ( 0.0%)
   unknown_newarray_send:          2 ( 0.0%)
               interrupt:          2 ( 0.0%)

[st0012]

Today (Sep 2nd)'s stat shows unhandled YARV insns:

ZJIT stats:
compile_time             106.23ms
profile_time               0.69ms
gc_time                   14.10ms
invalidation_time          0.23ms
RSS: 64.0MiB
Writing file /Users/hung-wulo/src/github.com/Shopify/yjit-bench/data/results-ruby-3.5.0-2025-09-02-155539.json
Average of last 104, non-warmup iters: 84ms
***ZJIT: Printing ZJIT statistics on exit***
compilation failure reasons:
  hir_compile: 62 (56.4%)
  asm_compile: 48 (43.6%)
Top-4 unhandled call types (100.0% of total 6,152,621):
      kwarg: 3,532,146 (57.4%)
      splat: 2,620,396 (42.6%)
  block_arg:        76 ( 0.0%)
   kw_splat:         3 ( 0.0%)
dynamic_send_count:  70,063,443
compiled_iseq_count: 896
compilation_failure: 110
compile_time:        128ms
profile_time:        0ms
gc_time:             14ms
invalidation_time:   0ms
code_region_bytes:   1,884,160
side_exit_count:     51,310,978
zjit_insn_count:     677,658,910
Top-14 unhandled YARV insns (100.0% of total 1,121,901):
         invokeblock: 562,078 (50.1%)
   opt_case_dispatch: 272,105 (24.3%)
    getclassvariable: 263,253 (23.5%)
         invokesuper:  22,756 ( 2.0%)
  getblockparamproxy:   1,573 ( 0.1%)
         expandarray:      44 ( 0.0%)
         getconstant:      36 ( 0.0%)
                once:      32 ( 0.0%)
        checkkeyword:      14 ( 0.0%)
          checkmatch:       4 ( 0.0%)
    setclassvariable:       2 ( 0.0%)
         defineclass:       2 ( 0.0%)
       getblockparam:       1 ( 0.0%)
   opt_duparray_send:       1 ( 0.0%)
Top-10 side exit reasons (100.0% of total 51,310,978):
     guard_shape_failure: 25,869,268 (50.4%)
     compilation_failure: 11,715,477 (22.8%)
     unhandled_call_type:  6,152,621 (12.0%)
      guard_type_failure:  5,672,637 (11.1%)
     unhandled_yarv_insn:  1,121,901 ( 2.2%)
      unhandled_hir_insn:    778,270 ( 1.5%)
              patchpoint:        795 ( 0.0%)
  obj_to_string_fallback:          4 ( 0.0%)
               interrupt:          3 ( 0.0%)
   unknown_newarray_send:          2 ( 0.0%)

I'll prioritize opt_case_dispatch in #723

[st0012]

I added dynamic send types to stats in ruby#14528 and will see what types of send_without_block we can then optimize:

***ZJIT: Printing ZJIT statistics on exit***
Top-3 unhandled call types (100.0% of total 5,124,857):
      splat: 2,630,587 (51.3%)
      kwarg: 2,492,263 (48.6%)
  block_arg:     2,007 ( 0.0%)
Top-3 unhandled YARV insns (100.0% of total 100,922):
  getclassvariable: 100,753 (99.8%)
              once:     137 ( 0.1%)
       getconstant:      32 ( 0.0%)
Top-3 compile error reasons (100.0% of total 4,776,087):
  register_spill_on_alloc: 4,028,350 (84.3%)
        exception_handler:   747,736 (15.7%)
  register_spill_on_ccall:         1 ( 0.0%)
Top-11 side exit reasons (100.0% of total 16,166,476):
                  unhandled_call_type: 5,124,857 (31.7%)
                        compile_error: 4,776,087 (29.5%)
                  guard_shape_failure: 4,409,538 (27.3%)
                   guard_type_failure: 1,090,871 ( 6.7%)
                   optional_arguments:   517,416 ( 3.2%)
                   unhandled_hir_insn:   145,930 ( 0.9%)
                  unhandled_yarv_insn:   100,922 ( 0.6%)
                           patchpoint:       763 ( 0.0%)
  block_param_proxy_not_iseq_or_ifunc:        89 ( 0.0%)
                            interrupt:         2 ( 0.0%)
               obj_to_string_fallback:         1 ( 0.0%)
Top-4 dynamic send types (100.0% of total 37,786,075):
  send_without_block: 31,286,046 (82.8%)
                send:  6,204,474 (16.4%)
         invokeblock:    274,220 ( 0.7%)
         invokesuper:     21,335 ( 0.1%)
dynamic_send_count:  37,786,075
compiled_iseq_count: 395
failed_iseq_count:   44
compile_time:        890ms
profile_time:        2,426ms
gc_time:             2ms
invalidation_time:   0ms
code_region_bytes:   1,507,328
side_exit_count:     16,166,476
total_insn_count:    575,560,374
vm_insn_count:       256,965,716
zjit_insn_count:     318,594,658
ratio_in_zjit:       55.4%

[st0012]

On today's master:

Average of last 21, non-warmup iters: 269ms
***ZJIT: Printing ZJIT statistics on exit***
Top-20 unoptimized sends to C functions (99.8% of total 5,283,290):
                          Hash#key?: 2,329,928 (44.1%)
                        String#to_s: 1,093,285 (20.7%)
                       Set#include?:   757,389 (14.3%)
                         String#===:   317,446 ( 6.0%)
                       Kernel#is_a?:   246,258 ( 4.7%)
                         Integer#<<:   162,073 ( 3.1%)
                          Integer#/:   120,902 ( 2.3%)
          CGI::EscapeExt#escapeHTML:    53,971 ( 1.0%)
                         Regexp#===:    47,848 ( 0.9%)
                      String#empty?:    41,750 ( 0.8%)
                          String#==:    20,919 ( 0.4%)
                      Time#strftime:    20,131 ( 0.4%)
                       String#strip:    14,711 ( 0.3%)
                        String#scan:    13,193 ( 0.2%)
                          String#+@:    12,071 ( 0.2%)
                     Array#include?:     7,779 ( 0.1%)
                           String#+:     5,015 ( 0.1%)
                         String#dup:     4,366 ( 0.1%)
                          String#-@:     3,213 ( 0.1%)
                     Class#generate:     2,851 ( 0.1%)
Top-4 not optimized method types (100.0% of total 2,492,211):
       iseq: 2,376,476 (95.4%)
  optimized:   115,702 ( 4.6%)
      alias:        20 ( 0.0%)
       null:        13 ( 0.0%)
Top-11 not optimized instructions (100.0% of total 5,364,852):
                    send: 3,140,440 (58.5%)
                opt_aref: 1,556,138 (29.0%)
             invokeblock:   221,359 ( 4.1%)
                 opt_neq:   161,971 ( 3.0%)
                 opt_and:   161,971 ( 3.0%)
                  opt_eq:    64,921 ( 1.2%)
             invokesuper:    40,047 ( 0.7%)
                  opt_le:    15,838 ( 0.3%)
               opt_minus:     1,534 ( 0.0%)
  opt_send_without_block:       531 ( 0.0%)
                  opt_or:       102 ( 0.0%)
Top-7 send fallback reasons (100.0% of total 16,557,110):
                     not_optimized_instruction: 5,364,852 (32.4%)
         send_without_block_cfunc_not_variadic: 5,282,959 (31.9%)
                send_without_block_polymorphic: 2,509,524 (15.2%)
  send_without_block_not_optimized_method_type: 2,492,211 (15.1%)
                send_without_block_no_profiles:   904,881 ( 5.5%)
                      obj_to_string_not_string:     2,352 ( 0.0%)
       send_without_block_cfunc_array_variadic:       331 ( 0.0%)
Top-3 unhandled YARV insns (100.0% of total 81,472):
  getclassvariable: 81,223 (99.7%)
              once:    137 ( 0.2%)
       getconstant:    112 ( 0.1%)
Top-3 compile error reasons (100.0% of total 5,286,688):
  register_spill_on_alloc: 4,540,792 (85.9%)
        exception_handler:   745,727 (14.1%)
  register_spill_on_ccall:       169 ( 0.0%)
Top-11 side exit reasons (100.0% of total 14,241,824):
                        compile_error: 5,286,688 (37.1%)
                  guard_shape_failure: 3,343,498 (23.5%)
                   guard_type_failure: 2,477,062 (17.4%)
                      unhandled_splat: 2,104,447 (14.8%)
                      unhandled_kwarg:   926,828 ( 6.5%)
                  unhandled_yarv_insn:    81,472 ( 0.6%)
                   unhandled_hir_insn:    18,672 ( 0.1%)
                           patchpoint:     2,173 ( 0.0%)
               obj_to_string_fallback:       896 ( 0.0%)
  block_param_proxy_not_iseq_or_ifunc:        87 ( 0.0%)
                            interrupt:         1 ( 0.0%)
                         send_count: 39,708,246
                 dynamic_send_count: 16,557,110 (41.7%)
               optimized_send_count: 23,151,136 (58.3%)
          iseq_optimized_send_count: 13,472,844 (33.9%)
  inline_cfunc_optimized_send_count:  4,148,014 (10.4%)
variadic_cfunc_optimized_send_count:  5,530,278 (13.9%)
dynamic_getivar_count:                        1,113,804
dynamic_setivar_count:                          927,440
compiled_iseq_count:                                400
failed_iseq_count:                                   47
compile_time:                                     917ms
profile_time:                                   3,202ms
gc_time:                                           23ms
invalidation_time:                                  0ms
vm_write_pc_count:                           39,294,768
vm_write_sp_count:                           39,067,950
vm_write_locals_count:                       39,067,950
vm_write_stack_count:                        39,067,950
vm_write_to_parent_iseq_local_count:            543,052
vm_read_from_parent_iseq_local_count:        13,959,454
code_region_bytes:                            1,916,928
side_exit_count:                             14,241,824
total_insn_count:                           463,357,803
vm_insn_count:                              246,542,044
zjit_insn_count:                            216,815,759
ratio_in_zjit:                                    46.8%

[aidenfoxivey]

As of b999ca0

Average of last 49, non-warmup iters: 153ms
***ZJIT: Printing ZJIT statistics on exit***
Top-20 not inlined C methods (98.2% of total 24,606,067):
         Kernel#respond_to?: 11,703,334 (47.6%)
                  Hash#key?:  4,137,608 (16.8%)
                   Array#[]:  2,269,598 ( 9.2%)
                String#to_s:  1,941,159 ( 7.9%)
               Set#include?:  1,346,509 ( 5.5%)
                 String#===:    555,691 ( 2.3%)
                    Hash#[]:    409,292 ( 1.7%)
                 Integer#<<:    288,073 ( 1.2%)
               Kernel#is_a?:    281,514 ( 1.1%)
              Kernel#format:    214,982 ( 0.9%)
                  Integer#/:    214,982 ( 0.9%)
           Class#last_match:    161,822 ( 0.7%)
  CGI::EscapeExt#escapeHTML:     95,971 ( 0.4%)
                Array#shift:     89,208 ( 0.4%)
              Array#unshift:     81,891 ( 0.3%)
         String#start_with?:     81,260 ( 0.3%)
                 Regexp#===:     78,088 ( 0.3%)
              String#empty?:     73,110 ( 0.3%)
                 Array#push:     70,915 ( 0.3%)
               String#gsub!:     62,759 ( 0.3%)
Top-20 not annotated C methods (98.2% of total 19,692,709):
         Kernel#respond_to?: 8,767,024 (44.5%)
                  Hash#key?: 4,137,608 (21.0%)
                   Array#[]: 2,269,598 (11.5%)
               Set#include?: 1,346,509 ( 6.8%)
                 String#===:   555,691 ( 2.8%)
                    Hash#[]:   409,292 ( 2.1%)
                 Integer#<<:   288,073 ( 1.5%)
               Kernel#is_a?:   281,514 ( 1.4%)
              Kernel#format:   214,982 ( 1.1%)
                  Integer#/:   214,982 ( 1.1%)
           Class#last_match:   161,822 ( 0.8%)
  CGI::EscapeExt#escapeHTML:    95,971 ( 0.5%)
                Array#shift:    89,208 ( 0.5%)
              Array#unshift:    81,891 ( 0.4%)
         String#start_with?:    81,260 ( 0.4%)
                 Regexp#===:    78,088 ( 0.4%)
              String#empty?:    73,110 ( 0.4%)
                 Array#push:    70,915 ( 0.4%)
               String#gsub!:    62,759 ( 0.3%)
                String#gsub:    55,053 ( 0.3%)
Top-3 not optimized method types (100.0% of total 4,415,456):
       iseq: 4,210,694 (95.4%)
  optimized:   204,742 ( 4.6%)
      alias:        20 ( 0.0%)
Top-11 not optimized instructions (100.0% of total 6,720,109):
                    send: 5,568,430 (82.9%)
             invokeblock:   388,163 ( 5.8%)
                 opt_neq:   287,971 ( 4.3%)
                 opt_and:   287,971 ( 4.3%)
                  opt_eq:   115,325 ( 1.7%)
                  opt_le:    28,158 ( 0.4%)
             invokesuper:    22,505 ( 0.3%)
                opt_aref:    18,274 ( 0.3%)
               opt_minus:     2,654 ( 0.0%)
  opt_send_without_block:       556 ( 0.0%)
                  opt_or:       102 ( 0.0%)
Top-6 send fallback reasons (100.0% of total 17,186,853):
                     not_optimized_instruction: 6,720,109 (39.1%)
                send_without_block_polymorphic: 4,452,708 (25.9%)
  send_without_block_not_optimized_method_type: 4,415,456 (25.7%)
                send_without_block_no_profiles: 1,595,867 ( 9.3%)
                      obj_to_string_not_string:     2,672 ( 0.0%)
       send_without_block_cfunc_array_variadic:        41 ( 0.0%)
Top-3 unhandled YARV insns (100.0% of total 142,421):
  getclassvariable: 142,286 (99.9%)
              once:     121 ( 0.1%)
       getconstant:      14 ( 0.0%)
Top-2 compile error reasons (100.0% of total 8,031,098):
  register_spill_on_alloc: 8,030,999 (100.0%)
  register_spill_on_ccall:        99 ( 0.0%)
Top-10 side exit reasons (100.0% of total 23,936,193):
                        compile_error: 8,031,098 (33.6%)
                  guard_shape_failure: 5,940,495 (24.8%)
                   guard_type_failure: 4,401,173 (18.4%)
                      unhandled_splat: 3,741,327 (15.6%)
                      unhandled_kwarg: 1,647,548 ( 6.9%)
                  unhandled_yarv_insn:   142,421 ( 0.6%)
                   unhandled_hir_insn:    30,992 ( 0.1%)
                           patchpoint:     1,088 ( 0.0%)
  block_param_proxy_not_iseq_or_ifunc:        49 ( 0.0%)
                            interrupt:         2 ( 0.0%)
                             send_count: 70,043,285
                     dynamic_send_count: 17,186,853 (24.5%)
                   optimized_send_count: 52,856,432 (75.5%)
              iseq_optimized_send_count: 23,839,266 (34.0%)
      inline_cfunc_optimized_send_count:  7,347,409 (10.5%)
non_variadic_cfunc_optimized_send_count:  9,588,907 (13.7%)
    variadic_cfunc_optimized_send_count: 12,080,850 (17.2%)
dynamic_getivar_count:                        1,958,225
dynamic_setivar_count:                        1,572,899
compiled_iseq_count:                                383
failed_iseq_count:                                   46
compile_time:                                     897ms
profile_time:                                       4ms
gc_time:                                           23ms
invalidation_time:                                  0ms
vm_write_pc_count:                           69,278,896
vm_write_sp_count:                           68,890,796
vm_write_locals_count:                       68,890,796
vm_write_stack_count:                        68,890,796
vm_write_to_parent_iseq_local_count:            965,357
vm_read_from_parent_iseq_local_count:        24,795,663
code_region_bytes:                            2,097,152
side_exit_count:                             23,936,193
total_insn_count:                           819,319,035
vm_insn_count:                              436,861,923
zjit_insn_count:                            382,457,112
ratio_in_zjit:                                    46.7%